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How US Trade Policies are Impacting Healthcare and Life Sciences

Written by Parag Mamnani, Webgility CEO | Dec 29, 2025 1:24:28 PM

Healthcare tariffs are import duties applied to medical products, components, and raw materials, and they’re no longer a distant policy debate. They're here. With baseline tariffs already in effect and pharmaceutical-specific levies potentially climbing to 250% (Source), the economics of selling healthcare products have shifted overnight.

That matters because the industry still relies heavily on global suppliers (especially China, India, and some European countries), while providers, manufacturers, and patients are already under intense cost pressure.

This article breaks down today’s tariff landscape, highlights product categories positioned to win, and uncovers the hidden risks that quietly erode financial visibility for sellers. Let’s get started!

Key takeaways:

  • Healthcare tariffs are now an operational reality, not a policy debate – raising costs across pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and critical supply chain inputs
  • Global supply chain dependency makes healthcare uniquely vulnerable, with heavy reliance on China and India for APIs, generics, and essential medical products
  • Not all healthcare products are equally exposed to tariffs; domestically manufactured goods, digital solutions, diagnostics-as-a-service, generics, and nearshore OTC products are better positioned to compete
  • Tariffs create hidden accounting risks by distorting landed costs, complicating tax compliance, and tying up cash long before revenue is realized
  • Manual accounting can’t keep up with tariff volatility, leading to poor pricing decisions, unreliable margin reporting, and stalled growth
  • Automation is key to tariff resilience, enabling real-time visibility into SKU-level profitability, multi-channel performance, and cash flow across the business

The changing landscape of healthcare tariffs: What's actually happening right now!

Healthcare tariffs now impact nearly every input in the medical supply chain: from APIs and raw pharmaceutical ingredients to finished medical devices, diagnostic and lab equipment, and even packaging materials and manufacturing components. This broad exposure means tariff impacts are felt upstream, long before products reach hospitals, pharmacies, or patients. 

Here's where tariffs stand today:

  • A baseline 10% tariff now applies to most imports, with higher rates for active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), finished dosage forms, and critical medical devices, typically ranging from 15% to 25% (subject to finalization and change with little warning)
  • Chinese-origin products face tariffs as high as 145%
  • Pharmaceuticals remain temporarily exempt, but the Section 232 investigation into pharma imports is underway, with results expected by March 2026
  • A 25% pharma tariff alone would add an estimated $51 billion annually to US drug costs, potentially raising prices by 12.9%

Medical devices, including diagnostic imaging, surgical tools, and point-of-care equipment, face a multi-layered tariff structure depending on their origin and type. Unlike pharmaceuticals, which have seen specific delays or exemptions, medical devices are subject to broad universal and reciprocal levies. 

The reality check: The push for domestic manufacturing intensifies, but reshoring takes years, not months. For now, healthcare sellers operate in the gap between policy ambition and supply chain reality.

Watch this video on how the US is threatening by applying 250% rise in pharma tariffs- 

Why healthcare is uniquely vulnerable

Unlike other industries that can pivot to new materials or pass costs directly to consumers, the healthcare and life sciences sectors are structurally trapped by global dependencies and fixed reimbursement models.

Here are some bitter facts that make this industry vulnerable not only for the US but for the entire world amid tariff turmoil:

Pharmaceutical supply chain exposure

  • API production is still heavily offshore. One industry assessment finds 72% of FDA-approved API manufacturing facilities are outside the U.S
  • Only 9% of API manufacturers are located in the US, compared to 22% in China and 44% in India
    In 2024 alone, the US imported over $75 billion in medical devices and supplies
  • China supplies nearly 40% of the world's APIs and up to 95% of specific foundational drugs like ibuprofen
  • Meanwhile, India accounts for 47% of US generic prescriptions, creating a complex, multi-tier supply chain where even ‘Made in India’ drugs often rely on Chinese raw materials
  • 53% of brand drug products and 69% of generics have at least one manufacturer outside the United States
  • China supplies the majority of N95 respirators, one-third of disposable face masks, two-thirds of non-disposable masks, and 94% of plastic gloves used in US healthcare settings

Cascading risks and margin pressure

  • Generic drug manufacturers operate on razor-thin margins; tariffs above 10–15% could force Indian manufacturers to exit the US market entirely
  • As of March 2025, there were 270 active drug shortages in the US, including life-saving IV fluids
  • 94% of hospital administrators anticipate delaying equipment upgrades due to rising tariff-related expenses
  • India itself imports 70% of its API needs from China, which means US supply chains face a double dependency
The reality check: Domestic manufacturing isn't a quick fix. Ramping up US pharmaceutical production would take many more years and require massive capital investment, regulatory navigation, and workforce development. Meanwhile, approximately 2,000 pharmaceutical manufacturing firms abroad haven't been inspected by the FDA since before the pandemic, raising quality and compliance concerns that tariffs alone won't solve.

Who feels the most impact?

Apart from patients and consumers (who will be impacted indirectly by ultimately paying higher costs), here is the updated list of stakeholders impacted by healthcare tariffs:

  • Life sciences manufacturers (pharma, biotech, CDMOs)
  • Medical device companies (OEMs and component makers)
  • Diagnostics and lab companies (IVD manufacturers, reference labs)
  • Hospitals and provider networks (including ambulatory surgery centers and clinics)
  • Pharmacies and pharmacy benefit managers (PBMs)
  • Health insurers and payers
  • Distributors and wholesalers
  • Group purchasing organizations (GPOs)
  • Retailers and ecommerce sellers of medical products

Strategic product positioning: Top 5 niches to sell in healthcare when tariffs bite

Not all healthcare products face equal tariff exposure. While some categories suffer severe margin compression that could make selling them untenable, others are positioned to capture market share as competitors struggle.

Below are the top five categories worth prioritizing in a tariff-driven landscape: 

1. Domestically manufactured medical supplies

Current U.S. trade policy is designed, in part, to encourage onshore production and reduce reliance on imports, which creates both risk for imports and opportunity for U.S. producers. This is happening as the domestically manufactured goods are not subject to new US tariffs, giving sellers a pricing and availability advantage in a volatile tariff environment.

Go-to strategy: Verify and clearly market U.S. origin, especially to institutional buyers with tariff-sensitivity, to gain pricing power and procurement preference.

Product examples to prioritize:

  • Wound care supplies: Bandages, gauze, surgical dressings from US-based manufacturers
  • Personal protective equipment (PPE): US-made gloves, gowns, face shields (particularly valuable given China supplies 94% of plastic gloves used in US healthcare)
  • Disposable medical supplies: Syringes, IV tubing, catheters with domestic production
  • Sterilization and infection control products: US-manufactured sanitizers, disinfectants, sterile packaging
  • Basic surgical instruments: Domestically forged scalpels, forceps, retractors

2. Digitally delivered healthcare solutions

Software and digital offerings aren’t goods and thus aren’t subject to tariffs, making them inherently insulated from import duties. Amid healthcare tariffs, emphasizing digital transformation is a key resilience strategy, with technology and analytics helping to absorb disruption.

Go-to strategy: Providers delaying hardware upgrades due to tariffs are actively seeking software-based alternatives that deliver similar outcomes without capital equipment purchases. 
Shifting product mix toward solutions that deliver clinical or operational value without physical import risk can stabilize revenue and reduce dependency on tariff-affected physical products. 

Product examples to prioritize:

  • Telehealth platforms: Virtual consultation software, video visit solutions
  • Remote patient monitoring (RPM) systems: Cloud-based vital sign tracking, chronic disease management platforms
  • Digital therapeutics (DTx): FDA-cleared apps for diabetes management, mental health, chronic pain
  • Practice management software: Scheduling, billing, EHR integration tools
  • AI-powered diagnostic software: Clinical decision support, imaging analysis, predictive analytics tools

3. Diagnostic & testing services (Service-led models)

Service-based diagnostic models generate revenue from performing tests rather than selling equipment, which makes them structurally insulated from goods-based tariffs.

Go-to strategy: Shift business mix toward service revenue streams. Then, bundle testing services with reporting and clinical decision support to create recurring, predictable revenue that’s less dependent on imported hardware costs.
Furthermore, partner with labs offering testing-as-a-service models rather than selling imported diagnostic equipment outright.

Product examples to prioritize:

  • Laboratory testing services: Clinical chemistry panels, hematology, and urinalysis offered as outsourced services
  • Point-of-care testing kits: Rapid strep, flu, COVID, glucose monitoring with US-based consumables
  • Pathology and imaging interpretation services: Remote reading, AI-assisted analysis
  • Genetic and molecular testing services: Pharmacogenomics, hereditary cancer screening as service offerings
  • Occupational health testing: Drug screening, wellness panels, pre-employment physicals

4. Generic & essential pharmaceuticals

Generic drugs represent 90% of US prescription volume and often benefit from specific policy protections. It creates a structural advantage for sellers focused on essential, high-volume medications.

Go-to strategy: Prioritize generic and essential medication inventory. Leverage the tariff exemption as a competitive pricing advantage against branded alternatives facing 100% duties or trade deal-negotiated rates.

Product examples to prioritize:

  • Chronic disease generics: Metformin (diabetes), lisinopril (hypertension), atorvastatin (cholesterol), levothyroxine (thyroid)
  • Antibiotics and anti-infectives: Amoxicillin, azithromycin, ciprofloxacin
  • Pain and inflammation medications: Ibuprofen, naproxen, acetaminophen
  • Mental health generics: Sertraline, fluoxetine, escitalopram, bupropion
  • Respiratory medications: Albuterol, montelukast, fluticasone generics

5. OTC health products with nearshore supply chains  

Healthcare and life sciences firms are actively exploring supply-chain relocation to lower-tariff regions, with a meaningful share considering reshoring and near-shoring to offset trade risk.

For instance, items sourced from nearshore suppliers like Mexico or Canada often face lower duties than Asian imports, reducing the tariff drag on these product lines.

Go-to strategy: Renegotiate supplier contracts to prioritize nearshore partners. Audit your supply chain for China-dependent SKUs and identify North American alternatives before tariff exposure compounds.

Product examples to prioritize:

  • Vitamins and supplements: Multivitamins, vitamin D, omega-3s, probiotics with North American sourcing
  • First-aid supplies: Bandages, antiseptics, topical antibiotics from USMCA-compliant manufacturers
  • OTC pain relievers: Acetaminophen, ibuprofen, aspirin with nearshore production
  • Digestive health products: Antacids, fiber supplements, anti-diarrheal medications
  • Cold and allergy remedies: Decongestants, antihistamines, cough suppressants from Canadian or Mexican facilities

Bonus read: US tariff impact on ecommerce in 2026: Inventory cycles that reduce risk

But product selection is only half the battle-

The other half is execution because tariffs don’t just change what you sell, they change how costs flow through your business. Duties, freight surcharges, vendor price adjustments, and split shipments can quickly turn ‘healthy margins’ on paper into messy, inconsistent numbers in your books. And when that happens, the hidden risks quietly erode every margin gain you’ve worked to protect.

The accounting chaos tariffs create (And how they quietly drain your margins)

From landed cost miscalculations to cash flow forecasting errors, here's what's quietly going wrong on the books:

1. Landed cost chaos

Tariff rates change with little warning, sometimes overnight. Duties, freight surcharges, customs fees, and vendor price adjustments all flow into COGS, often inconsistently.

Most sellers continue pricing products based on outdated landed cost assumptions, which leads to two outcomes: margins quietly erode, or prices jump high enough to hurt demand. When tariffs vary widely by country, ranging from 10% to as high as 145%, static costing models simply can’t keep up.

The result: Inventory profitability becomes impossible to track at the SKU level. You may think a product line is profitable based on historical costs, while current imports are bleeding margin with every unit sold. 

2. Multi-jurisdiction tax complexity

Tariffs don’t exist in isolation; they stack on top of an already complex tax environment. Healthcare sellers must navigate state sales tax rules, marketplace facilitator regulations, and economic nexus thresholds, all while dealing with product-specific tax exemptions that vary by state.

Many healthcare products are tax-exempt in one jurisdiction and taxable in another, and when tariffs are added into the cost structure, reconciling what’s taxable, what’s capitalized, and what hits expense accounts becomes error-prone, especially when data lives across QuickBooks, ecommerce platforms, marketplaces, and wholesale systems.

The result: Audit exposure and sales tax compliance penalties compound quickly. A single miscategorized product or overlooked nexus obligation can trigger state tax audits. When tariff-inflated costs further complicate margin reporting, the error surface expands. 

3. Cash flow surprises that stall growth

Tariffs are paid at import, not at sale. This timing mismatch creates cash flow strain that traditional forecasting models often miss.

Here’s what will happen:

  • Duty payments hit your bank account when goods arrive at port, weeks or months before those products generate revenue
  • Working capital gets locked up in tariff payments, straining liquidity and limiting your ability to invest in growth

The result: Growth stalls not because demand disappears, but because cash is tied up in compliance and duty payments, making them unable to reorder inventory or invest in expansion.

Why automating your accounting stack changes everything

When tariff rates shift weekly, and you're selling across multiple channels, manual accounting isn't just inefficient, it's a liability. Having said that, automation platforms serve as the infrastructure that lets you respond to tariff volatility without burning out your finance team.

Here’s what automation actually solves:

1. Real-time COGS and landed cost visibility

Order data, fees, shipping charges, and other cost components sync automatically into your accounting system, keeping profitability reports current, even as tariff rates and vendor pricing change.

2. End-to-end multi-channel consolidation

Sales from ecommerce platforms, marketplaces, and wholesale channels flow into your accounting system in a unified, structured way, eliminating manual data entry and reconciliation errors.

3. True SKU-level profitability tracking

See which products are driving margin and which tariff-exposed SKUs are quietly eroding it, so pricing, sourcing, and assortment decisions are based on real numbers, not assumptions.

4. Clean, audit-ready financial records

Automated mapping of orders, fees, taxes, and adjustments ensures books stay consistent and defensible, even as transaction volume and complexity increase.

5. Accurate tax and compliance reporting

Sales tax data stays aligned across jurisdictions and channels, reducing compliance risk in an already complex regulatory environment.

6. Clear cash flow visibility

By capturing the full financial picture, including duty-related costs, you gain better insight into working capital needs, helping prevent tariff-driven cash crunches from stalling growth.

For healthcare and life sciences sellers, platforms like Webgility make this level of automation possible by connecting ecommerce, marketplaces, and accounting systems into a single source of financial truth, turning tariff complexity into something manageable, measurable, and ultimately controllable.

Bonus read: How does accounting automation solve the challenges of manual accounting?

Tariffs reward the operationally prepared!

Healthcare tariffs aren't going away; they’re becoming part of the new normal. And the reality is, things are likely to get more complex before they get simpler. The sellers who win won't be the ones hoping for exemptions; they'll be the ones who have built the operational infrastructure to absorb volatility, adapt quickly, and protect their margins.

Ultimately, the goal is to transform your supply chain and finances resilient enough that volatility doesn’t derail growth. That starts with clear visibility into what each SKU truly costs to land, sell, and ship – updated in real time and consistent across every channel.

Ready to tariff-proof your business? See how Webgility automates the complexity!